Adrenal Incidentilomas: How to solve an endocrinal dilemma

Abstract

Adrenal incidental mass lesions are commonly detected during abdominal and chest imaging and pose lot of burden for its diagnostic possibilities with a special focus on its potential to be a malignant lesion and/or hyperfunctioning with endocrinal complications. Biochemical testing for hormones, and a dedicated CT with adrenal protocol can detect many but not all of these incidentalomas. Therefore, further testing with MRI, FDG-PET and rarely with biopsy and/or adrenal venous sampling is also needed in cases where CT is equivocal. Diagnostic certainty is needed to choose b/w management options of surgical resection, monitoring, or no follow up.

This literature review aimed at elaboration of diagnostic and management options which best suits for various clinical scenarios.